doing的用法总结四年级

doing动名词的作用

作主语 谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构 It’s no good/use doing；

只能接动名词作宾语的动词，只能接不定式作宾语的动词，接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词。

作表语

有时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如

My hobby is collecting stamps. Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child. The film is touching.

作定语

动名词作定语，一般表示用途。如 a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hall there are a lot of swimming pools in the city. 注

（1）现在分词作定语表动作，它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，可改写成一个定语从句。 如果为单词，放在被修饰n之前，为短语，放在被修饰n之后。 如

a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping a developing country =a country which is developing

（2）动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质，可改写成一个for的短语，两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 如a washing machine = a mashine for washing a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

作状语

（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等） Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy. Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.

②原因状语 Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note

③伴随状语 The girls came in, following their parents.

④结果状语 The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.

注意现在分词作状语的几个特性。

①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。

②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。

③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

作宾语补足语

We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

动名词的时态和语态 动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。如

We are interested in playing chess. He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.